Ramadan is the month of the Quran and the month of dua. The fasting person's dua is not turned away, especially at the time of breaking the fast. Here are the authentic duas for the new moon, iftar, being invited to iftar and the last ten nights.
On seeing the new moon
اللهُ أَكْبَر، اللّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنا بِالأمْنِ وَالإيمان، والسَّلامَةِ والإسْلام، وَالتَّوْفيقِ لِما تُحِبُّ رَبَّنا وَتَرْضى، رَبُّنا وَرَبُّكَ الله
TransliterationAllāhu akbar, Allāhumma ahillahū `alaynā bil-amni wal-īmān, was-salāmati wal-islām, wat-tawfīqi limā tuḥibbu rabbanā wa tarḍā, rabbunā wa rabbukallāh.
EnglishAllah is the Greatest. O Allah, let this moon rise over us with security and faith, safety and Islam, and success in what You love and are pleased with, our Lord. Our Lord and your Lord is Allah.
Roman UrduAllah sab se bara hai. Ae Allah, is chaand ko ham par aman aur imaan, salamti aur Islam, aur un kaamon ki taufeeq ke saath tulu farma jo Tujhe pasand hain aur jin se Tu raazi ho, ae hamare Rab. (Ae chaand) hamara aur tumhara Rab Allah hai.
When breaking the fast (iftar)
ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ، وَابْتَلَّتِ العُروق، وَثَبَتَ الأجْرُ إِنْ شاءَ الله
TransliterationDhahabaẓ-ẓama'u wabtallatil-`urūq, wa thabatal-ajru in shā Allāh.
EnglishThe thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is confirmed, if Allah wills.
Roman UrduPyaas chali gayi, ragein tar ho gayin, aur in sha Allah ajr pakka ho gaya.
At iftar (asking for forgiveness)
اللّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِرَحْمَتِكَ الّتي وَسِعَت كُلَّ شيء، أَنْ تَغْفِرَ لي
TransliterationAllāhumma innī as'aluka biraḥmatikal-latī wasi`at kulla shay'in an taghfira lī.
EnglishO Allah, I ask You by Your mercy, which embraces all things, to forgive me. (A dua of Abdullah ibn Amr at iftar.)
Roman UrduAe Allah, main Teri us rehmat ke wasile se jo har cheez par chhaayi hui hai, Tujh se sawal karta hoon ke mujhe bakhsh de.
When breaking the fast at someone's home
أَفْطَرَ عِنْدَكُم الصّائِمونَ وَأَكَلَ طَعامَكُمُ الأبْرار، وَصَلَّتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الملائِكَة
TransliterationAfṭara `indakumuṣ-ṣā'imūn, wa akala ṭa`āmakumul-abrār, wa ṣallat `alaykumul-malā'ikah.
EnglishMay fasting people break their fast with you, may the righteous eat your food, and may the angels pray for you.
Roman UrduRoza daar tumhare haan roza kholein, nek log tumhara khana khaayen, aur farishte tumhare liye dua karein.
When someone insults you while fasting
إِنِّي صَائِمٌ، إِنِّي صَائِمٌ
TransliterationInnī ṣā'im, innī ṣā'im.
EnglishI am fasting, I am fasting.
Roman UrduMain roze se hoon, main roze se hoon.
In the last ten nights (Laylatul Qadr)
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ كَرِيمٌ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي
TransliterationAllāhumma innaka `afuwwun karīmun tuḥibbul-`afwa fa`fu `annī.
EnglishO Allah, You are Most Forgiving and Generous, You love to forgive, so forgive me.
Roman UrduAe Allah, Tu bahut maaf karne wala aur karam wala hai, maaf karna pasand karta hai, pas mujhe maaf farma de.
Learn these duas with a female teacher
Correct Arabic pronunciation, meaning and a daily habit, in live one-to-one lessons for kids and women.
Sources: Arabic of the hadith duas from Hisn al-Muslim and the cited hadith collections (sunnah.com); Quran text from the King Fahd Complex Uthmani script. English and Roman Urdu meanings written by Quran Online Tarteel.